History of African Aerodynamic Engineering.

Central African Throwing Weapons (Kpinga & Mambele): 

The multi-bladed throwing knives developed by ethnic groups such as the Azande, Nzakara, and Mangbetu in the Democratic Republic of the Congo and Central African Republic are masterclasses in aerodynamics.

Aerodynamic Engineering: These weapons feature multiple sharp protrusions branching out at different angles. This heavy, multi-pronged configuration ensures that no matter how the weapon spins or hits, a lethal edge or point makes contact with the target.

Flight Stabilisation: The specific weight distribution allowed warriors to throw them with a flat, spinning trajectory. They could travel up to 45 metres, slicing through the air with incredible stability.

Symbol of Status: Beyond their battlefield utility, these weapons evolved into revered luxury items. Highly polished, intricately forged iterations were carried by elite rulers and warriors as potent status symbols. 

Mambele throwing axes from the Mangbetu people are evidence of black Africans creating aerodynamic projectiles. 

KPINGA: 

The oldest kpinga (and its variant, the mambele) date back to around 1000 AD when blacksmithing and iron-working emerged in Central Sudan and the Sahel regions. However, similar curved throwing sticks and blades from the broader family of weapons date as far back as 1350 BC, as suggested by wall sculptures in ancient Libya. 

The traditional multi-bladed throwing knives historically used by Central African groups (like the Azande, Makaraka, and Mangbetu) are culturally significant.

FLYING STICKS: 

While returning boomerangs are closely tied to Indigenous Australian culture, Black African societies independently developed non-returning, curved throwing sticks used for warfare and hunting. 

The Sudanic Throwing Sticks: Prior to 1800, communities across the Sahel, Sudan, and Central Africa crafted flattened, curved wooden clubs. These used basic aerodynamic principles to fly straight, stable, and over long distances to bring down birds or small game.

The Evolution into "Hungamunga": In Central Africa, these curved wooden structures eventually evolved into the multi-bladed, metallic throwing knives known as Kpinga or Hungamunga. While highly stylized and used as status symbols among elite warriors, they were devastating ranged weapons rather than decorative ornaments. 

Created by Google A. I.

African Aeronautics

The first ever manned flying aircraft was a hot-air balloon on 21 November 1783. It was made by Jean-François Pilâtre de Rozier & Marquis François d'Arlandes. They flew a distance of 5,5 miles (8851 metres) in Paris for 25 minutes at about an altitude of 3000 feet (914 metres). The balloon was made of paper-lined silk & heated by burning straw & wool. Orville & Wilbur Wright would then make the first mechanical flying aircraft in 17 December 1903 called the Wright Flyer which flew for 12 seconds. Since then, a lot of progress has been made in the aerospace field. 

Africans, arguably made artisanal & hobby flying crafts in precolonial antiquity using various found materials but likely none were manned aircraft. 

We now have African aeronautical engineers with the knowledge & capability of designing & manufacturing professional flying aircraft. So today (7 May 2026), I decided to compile the list of African-made aircraft below: 

• Alkan AT-802 from Ethiopia. 

• Helwan HA-300 is a lightweight supersonic aircraft from Egypt. 

• Air Tractor AT-802U is a Nigerian assembled American aircraft. 

• AHRLAC Mwari is a South African reconnaissance aircraft. 

• SkyBoy aircraft from Uganda built by Innocent Mugabi. 

• Skyleader 400 & Skyleader 600 by Airplanes Africa Limited in Tanzania is an ultralight aircraft of Czech origin. 

Egypt's Helwan HA-300

We have to note that only the Helwan HA-300, AHRLAC Mwari & SkyBoy aircraft were conceptualised, designed & manufactured in Africa. I also left out aircraft made by Apartheid South Africa because they officially classified themselves as European until the end of Apartheid. 

Blog: AFRICAN CREATIONS 

I made this list because I felt that Africans, myself included, could surely make better aircraft than this with modern technical knowledge. 

• History of African Aerodynamic Engineering 

• African-made aircraft 

• FXE Mosquito Ultralight Helicopter 

Mpofana origins: 3000 B. C. to modern day.

So-called Nguni (Ngoni) clans are all claimed to originate from ancient Cameroon (Mbo/Swazi groups), ancient KoNgo (Nguni/Ntungwa groups) & Great Lakes region (Shaba/Zizi groups) of Africa by anthropology. They arrived in southeast Africa in waves from circa 200 AD to 1200 AD, merging with the San who had lived in the western side of the Drakensberg (Ukhahlamba) Mountains for 25 000 years & possibly another Homo Sapien group which lived around Durban for 77 000 years. The unknown Durban sapien group is probably the same group that made Inzalo yeLanga (Adam's Calendar) 75 000 years ago in the Swazi territory of Mpumalanga province in South Africa. 

The Mpofana name likely originated from Eswatini & surrounding Swazi regions. They likely arrived in Ezinqoleni in the mid 19th century. Before then, the likely came from the Rozvi region of Zimbabwe & Mozambique (pre-1200 AD). And before then, they originated from Benue region of Cameroon/Nigeria (2000-1000 BC) & arrived at the Great Lakes region (Urewe/Buganda) by 500 BC. Before that, likely originated from ancient Mali circa 3000 BC. 

Migration of the Mpofana across Africa since 3000 B. C.

RESEARCHGATE: Around 500 B.C., Uganda was undergoing a profound transformation as Bantu-speaking agriculturalists migrated into the southwest from West-Central Africa, introducing early iron-smelting & settled village life. This technological leap allowed them to clear dense forests & cultivate crops.

The landscape of the region around 500 B.C. was characterized by a distinct demographic & environmental shift:

Bantu Settlement & Agriculture: Arriving from West Africa via the Great Lakes region, these Bantu speakers transformed the once-forested environment into a forest-savannah mosaic. They brought advanced mixed farming practices—cultivating bananas (matooke), raising livestock like goats & chickens, & forging iron tools. 

A journey from Ezinqoleni to southern Mali would take three months on foot in the modern day. 

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Some interesting websites...

Here are some interesting websites to look at whenever you feel like you have some free time:

• Notable people (See where the world's famous were born):  https://tjukanovt.github.io/notable-people 

• Worldwide radio (Listen to radio stations around the world): www.radio.garden 

• 3D imagery with phone camera (Make 3D images with your surroundings): www.lumalabs.ai 

• Keyboard design (Create your own computer keyboard): www.keyboardsimulator.xyz 

• Track live cyber attacks (See where hacking & cyber attacks are happening worldwide): www.digitalattackmap.com 

The Jews...

Because of the constant obsession with "the Jews", I felt that they are a race of Semitic people that needed to be studied. By analysing their creation stories, they can be traced to originate from modern-day southern Iraq. How & when they separated from other Semitic people (i. e. Arabs), I don't know. But at some time along their history they settled in Egypt because of a drought & because of growing numbers of the Israelites coming to Egypt, they were decisively enslaved. The Israelites became slaves of the Hamitic people of Ancient Egypt, cousins of Semitic people through biblical accounts. Jews (a name they got after going to Canaan/Israel) were originally called Hebrews or Israelites & Hebrew (Habiru) being a derogatory term in ancient Egyptian meaning "outcasts" fell away in favour of "Israelites'. 

Escaping slavery, they fled Egypt led by Moses & settled on the land of the Canaanites. There they forged their own kingdom. But over the years, they would be conquered by the Greeks, Persians, Romans & others. The last Israelite dynasty to rule Israel/Judaea were the Hasmoneans if I'm not mistaken. At one point, Israelites were brought to Babylon to become slaves once again. 

They were virtually a nation with no state for a large part of their history until the founding of modern Israel, being most famous as slaves & subjects of other empires in their history. Being that they were scattered by the many nations who conquered the Levant, they ended up in Morocco, Britain, Russia, Italy, Germany etc. where they were persecuted on several occasions throughout European history. Now, some of the richest people in the world & some of South Africa's richest billionaires are of Jewish origin. What is so special about Jews other than the fact that the world has bought into a sect of their faith in Christianity? I think the fact that their fatherland is so close to three continents - Israel & Israelites have had a history in all three Old World continents of Asia, Africa & Europe so become some sort of reference point for all humanity & not East Africans / Ethiopians / the Turkana people of Lake Turkana. 

Now, we find that a lot of the vessels that shipped Africans to the New World in the Transatlantic Slave Trade were Jewish owned. I've read that the colonisation of the Americas was to prevent the spread of Islam as a latter-day effort of the European Crusades to defend the "Holy Land" against Persians/Muslims. Knowing that the first slaves used by the Portuguese on an island off the west coast of Africa were Jews who all died there, why were Jewish-owned vessels used in the Transatlantic Slave Trade? 

I feel that the obsession of Europe with "the Jews" has led them to perpetrate unnecessary & outrageous crimes against humanity. Jews are no more human than any other group in the world. If they are given special treatment for merely having an unfortunate history why isn't the same done for the victims of the Transatlantic Slave Trade & victims of colonisation in general? 

The piece of history that allowed me to trace Jewish origin to Mesopotamia: 

Yes, Utnapishtim is Noah. 

Is the future really airborne?

Here is something they didn't consider when they waved away the idea of flying cars; no tyres. 

And if everyone used vertical take-off vehicles, road networks would become abandoned & perhaps overrun with vegetation & animals. How would safari trips happen in a flying car? Maybe very easily now that I think of it. 

The Bellwether Oryx "VOLAR".

So the only real danger of an evtol is malfunction & crash landing into some important infrastructure. Something that already happens with cars. Can this be solved with ballistic parachutes? Are aircraft less likely to crash because there a so few of them or is air travel simply safer because of less obstacles to avoid? What then when more aircraft are added? Would it be just as easy to fly? One YouTuber  mentioned something interesting; cars heading in different coordinations could travel at different heights - I imagine vehicles heading in a northerly direction could travel at 800 metres above ground & vehicles heading in a southerly direction could travel at 600 metres above ground or something similar. 

The Jetson One.

The only other problem if vertical take-off vehicles become commonplace is traditional combustion engine mechanics might lose their jobs unless they can adapt to the new technology. The new aircraft would also likely be more electric, so traditional petrol stations would have to repurpose themselves... 

Think of these benefits: 

• Minimal traffic, 

• shorter commute time, 

• no potholes & 

• no need for tyres. 

Are these benefits people are willing to have by conquering a fear of heights in electric flying cars & electric flying motorcycles? I think many would be willing to brave their fear of heights for the four above-mentioned benefits. 

CONCEPT FOR AN AIR TRAIN/BUS SERVICE

Select eVTOL vehicles:

• Bellwether Industries 

• Bellwether Oryx 

• Jetson One replicas 

• Leo Coupe

What to do after Cape Independence...

Cape Republicans / Kaapenars citing why secession from South Africa is necessary. 

After the Western Cape secedes from South Africa, financial institutions regarding banking, insurance, life cover, investments & pensions would need to be allowed to continue their services. I imagine all Eurasian people would migrate to the new country & leave the rest of South Africa black. Barring the few that really, really want to live around black people. 

The proposed Cape Republic flag.

I genuinely believe that the Cape Republic will succeed when separated from black South Africa & would likely join forces with Orania isolates. I even believe that the West would be more than happy to invest in a sovereign Cape Republic state... perhaps to just teach black South Africa a lesson. Ofcourse, the Cape Republic will sooner or later try to destabilise black South Africa but we'll have to simply be prepared. So #FreetheCape , a Eurasian state at the southern most tip of Africa is not a terrible idea because having everyone go to their ancestral homelands would simply be too costly & may be taken as a forced deportation of minorities by a racist black country. 

South African sport is not taken seriously...

I need to start with a small disclaimer/funny anecdote: You know when you comment on sport, people sometimes think that you were an ex-professional & want to challenge you to see if you can still play, I guess... Even if you haven't played seriously for almost 19 years. Sure enough, you can still play but now you gotta play like a professional to them... having never have played professionally ever. Constantly being made to prove something that gains you nothing even when you win. 

Anyone who knows anything about South African & African basketball could see a mile away that the new teams representing South Africa in the Basketball Africa League (the BAL) would get thrashed & it's not because we don't have a bit of talent, it's just the lack of initiative in the sport of basketball in South Africa. The sports department of South Africa just does not take basketball seriously, I think it's still like a fun side-hobby to them. I was originally going to title this blog "South African basketball is a joke" but remembered that this unserious mentality is not only reserved for basketball but for any sport that isn't majority white. 

Rugby in South Africa is taken as the leading sport because they've won three IRB Rugby World Cups. Rugby is traditionally a white sport in South Africa so you can be deluded into believing that white athletes are better & it's just not the case. As soon as majority white sports become a little more competitive globally (such as cricket & hockey), suddenly the South African national team just doesn't do so well anymore. There are about nine (9) vaguely competitive countries in the rugby world that could pose any challenge to South Africa as compared to about forty (40) football national teams worldwide that could beat the FIFA World Cup champions on a good day. In all seriousness, there are two really good rugby countries worldwide - i. e. countries who take rugby seriously as their national sport: New Zealand & South Africa (partly). I've already blogged on the competition comparisons in rugby & football. I think the same comparisons can be made for a sport like basketball to others because while we believe basketball to be a "developed land" sport, it probably requires as much equipment to play as football, if not, less. So it has caught on in many countries making it a bigger sport than rugby in the African continent & the world. In a thirty kilometre radius in my locale, there are about eight basketball courts. People can't claim lack of access. The problem is how South African basketball is structured & who is selected to succeed in the game - & the people who used to choose who to make succeed in the sport used to be incredibly biased in my teenage years, I'm not sure about now.

Football in South Africa isn't structured too badly but it's lazily assembled. There are numerous ways domestic football in South Africa could be reinvigorated to create some really world-class talent but it's very sleepily organised much like a lot of things in South Africa. I've blogged about this before so I don't want to go into it so much, you'll just have to find the blog somewhere. 

South Africa is somewhat a basketball country, whether we like to admit it or not. I am willing to bet that one out of every ten South Africans have wanted to play or have played basketball before. Just simply walked by a basketball hoop & taken a few shots with a ball... it's human nature. It's one of those "always wanted to do it" things. But if we want to succeed with basketball as a national sport - we need to decide whether we; 

1) want to simply make a development, talent identification & league structure to sift good talent to the top or 

2) if we really want to be top contenders in African basketball & possibly win an Afrobasket or two by introducing some innovative & enterprising concepts into South African basketball. 

Because both options, with the right actions & decisions, are possible. 

But instead; netball, rugby & even wheelchair basketball are pushed ahead of South African basketball. And, at this point, we may have to concede that South Africa / our sports department has a majority-black sport success phobia. When we won an Olympic medal for the 4×100m relay, it was made an everything victory as though anyone in the country could pull it off, something I was lulled into believing myself (viz. blog link). People, the Olympics are insanely competitive, they are almost a political event in terms of importance. So Simbine, Maswangayi & the other two winning that medal was just not a small feat... but minimal sponsorship came along for the sport in comparison to the ever-failing South African cricket team. 

Sports governance in this country simply needs to come out & be honest with the public & tell us what is the name of this mind game they're playing so we can understand how we can get them to take sport / black athletes seriously. Sure, it's just sports & it's not food or shelter level importance but it would be nice for initiative to be taken for once even if no extra funds are allocated. 

Having a year-old basketball team, come into an established league in South Africa & win that league almost every single year since the founding of the BAL sounds very suspicious. And I almost can't believe that the established teams in South African basketball (Soweto Panthers, KwaZulu Marlins, Egoli Magic, Tshwane Suns etc.) never get to represent South Africa in the BAL. It's always a team founded a year or two ago. It's like the regular season in the NBA continuing as usual, a champion being crowned then suddenly, the NBA champions have to play against some newly assembled All-Star team for the title again. It's weird. But I really don't care, I just thought I should point out the injustice. I actually have a little schadenfreude everytime these unnatural Frankenstein teams from South Africa get thrashed. It's really funny, it's like watching the tale of Icarus in real life... 

What's worse is that the BAL recently announced a kit deal with Puma (the sports brand) & have a merchandise range for all the teams of the Kalahari conference including a South African basketball team that no one follows because it's barely a year old. It's crazy because I (& many others) would've really bought a KwaZulu Marlins Puma vest. 

NB: KwaZulu Marlins are two-time (1997 & 2024) South African basketball national league champions. 

#SénégalRek

This blog entry is regarding the Morocco vs Senegal AFCON Final game which Senegal won legally & now Morocco is trying win underhandedly & illegally in boardrooms. This AFCON tournament was marred with controversy as it was cited that referees often made decisions which favoured Morocco & ball boys would hound players for towels, towels which goalkeepers used to keep their gloves dry so the ball does not slip. Moroccan ball boys were literally trying to influence the outcome of the game. 

Here's what happened in the game in sequence; 

• Morocco gets a penalty. 

• The Senegalese coach (Pape Thiaw) calls all the players to leave in protest claiming the penalty is unjust as they did not recieve a penalty earlier in the game. 

• As the players are leaving, with some heading to the changing rooms - Senegalese player (Sadio Mané) thinks twice & calls back the players to continue the game. 

• The players return & the referee continues the game. 

• Morocco misses their penalty. 

• Senegal scores a goal. 

• Referee ends the game. 

• SÉNÉGAL ARE AFRICAN CHAMPIONS! 

Here are the IFAB rules pertaining to teams leaving the pitch: 

1. Authority to Manage the Situation

Leaving without Permission: A player who leaves the field of play without the referee's permission is guilty of a cautionable offence (yellow card).

Time-Wasting: The referee must make an allowance for time lost due to the walk-off.

Prevention: Referees are encouraged to act in a preventative manner, such as instructing players to return immediately. 

Laws of the Game | IFAB

Laws of the Game | IFAB 

2. Authority to Restart vs. Abandon

Waiting Period: The referee has the discretion to set a "reasonable amount of time" for the players to return. There is no strictly mandated minute count in the IFAB laws, but once the referee decides the time has been "exceeded" or the situation is unreasonable, they may take further action.

Restoring Order: If players return and the match can continue, the referee has the authority to restart it.

Abandonment: If the team refuses to return within the time specified by the referee, the referee has the authority to abandon the match. 

ESPN

ESPN 

3. Consequence of Refusal

Forfeit: If players leave the field without permission and refuse to return, the team that remains on the pitch is often awarded a 3-0 victory, regardless of the score at the time of the walk-off.

Reporting: The referee must submit a report to the appropriate authorities regarding the abandonment. 

ESPN

ESPN 

In summary, the referee can allow the match to continue if they choose to wait for the players to return, but they also have the authority to call off the game, which usually results in a forfeit against the team that left. 

The CAF rules regarding a team leaving a game state: 

Key CAF Rules on Abandoning a Match: 

Forfeiture and Score: A team that refuses to play or abandons the field (e.g., in protest) is deemed to have lost 3-0. If the score at the time is more beneficial to the opposing team (e.g., 4-0), that score stands. 

Abandonment Procedure: If a team leaves the pitch, the referee typically waits for a set period (often 15 minutes) before abandoning the match, treating it as a refusal to play. 

Immediate Penalties: Under Article 82, a team that abandons a match may face immediate elimination from the tournament. 

The referees decision is final. IFAB/FIFA & CAF rules state that should players leave the game in protest or whatever reason, the referee should demand they return & continue the game within a given time or get cautioned &/or lose the game. In the case of Senegal vs Morocco, the players returned voluntarily (in under 15 minutes) without the referee having to warn them. Mind you, Morocco once won an AFCON title in 1976 after abandoning a final game for more than 15 minutes against Guinea. So should Guinea get the AFCON 1976 title that Morocco "won"? Should Argentina be stripped the 1982 World Cup title because of the illegitimate "Hand of god" goal by Diego Maradona against England? It's obscene for a team to be stripped of a title because of biases & "brown envelopes" two months after the tournament is over. Therefore, Senegal's victory is legal from my perspective. 

Félicitations Sénégal pour la victoire contre la corruption, le tricherie et les voleurs. 

Black leaders who caused the most damage towards the black cause.

While we celebrate black heroes & black people who contributed positively to the world, we do have evil-doers who may have been celebrated in some corners but on a grander perspective, did tremendous damage to the dignity & livelihoods of the black/African people they affected. These are six of the black leaders that I feel did understated damage to the image, dignity & progress of the black cause. 

Tippu Tipp: Tippu Tip was said to be a notorious slave trader who had a large army which raided slaves all along the Swahili Coast & further inland into the Great Lakes region. He contributed in the continuation of the brutal Zanj slave trade, where Africans would be sent to Arabia to be made eunuchs & ultimately slaves.

Mobutu Sese Seko: This was a leader of the former Belgian Congo after the horrible death of Patrice Lumumba. He was backed by Western powers & plundered the land he renamed Zaïre for his own personal gain.

Jean-Bédel Bokassa: This was a leader of the Central African Republic who wanted to be Napoleon so badly that he renamed Central African Republic to the "Central African Empire" & ordained himself as the "Emperor" in a very lavish ceremony. When the people rebelled against one of his laws regarding school uniform, he arrested them, including children who he was said to have beaten in jail.

Manto Tshabalala-Msimang: This lady was the health minister in South Africa when she denied the existence of AIDS, claiming people simply needed to boost their immune system by eating beetroot among other things. The AIDS disease ended up killing 1,4 million black people in South Africa.

Nzinga-a-Nkuwu (João I): One of the Kongo kings that gave slaves to the Portuguese in exchange for firearms & other traded items. This slave trade led to conflict & turmoil in the Kongo kingdom which the Congo region has never fully recovered from.

Autshumao: He was the leader of the Khoisan tribe called the "Goringhaikona", he helped Jan van Riebeeck & the Dutch settle in the Cochokhoi land of the Cape called ǁHui ǃGaeb (now Cape Town). The Dutch along with the Huguenots & British would later exterminate & rape the Khoisan leading to their near complete extinction from modern South Africa. 

The reason for the ethnonationalism campaign in Africa.

“We have artificial 'nations' carved out at the Berlin Conference in 1884, and today we are struggling to build these nations into stable units of human society.” - Mwalimu Julius Nyerere

I think most of our leaders try to discourage tribalism in Africa for a benevolent reason & while anti-tribalism sentiments are to encourage unity in our states, these sentiments are often in vain because tribalism has not ended in decades after the age of African independence.

I always maintain that certain ethnicities should simply govern themselves because under the rule of others they fall into disarray & become disorderly but to this some say, "Africa never had borders." Sure, there were no physical walls or barbed wire borders except in a few places like Benin or various city-states across the continent but it was known & general consensus that certain rivers, forests or mountains were borders to certain kingdoms, chiefdoms, confederacies & empires. Just because there were no man-made borders, it doesn't mean that Africa was one united country. There are places with no borders between two or more countries in Eurasia but it is known that crossing a certain river or mountain range means you're in a territory of a nation that is not the one you just left.

Now, seeing the ethnic conflicts & tribal tensions in Africa - you'd think a few leaders would think, "No, the Berlin Conference made a big mistake here" & correct those borders & sure, quiet a few leaders have spoken on Berlin Conference borders but they either are too overwhelmed by the task of reclaiming/relinquishing territory, do not have legislative power or their voice is so meek in a distant rural region that it is easily ignored by the larger state they are in.

FAMILIES DIVIDED BY THE SOUTH AFRICA-MOZAMBIQUE BORDER

I often see how ethnostates in Europe govern themselves & notice how they make rules for the benefit of the people in the land & not just laws that prevent individualism like in Africa. How is it that it makes sense to make laws that make your people struggle instead of systems, legislature & infrastructure that allows them to thrive & live freely? It is counterproductive to create a land that you yourself would not want to live in as a commoner.

Now, people will say that an ethnostate Africa is "fanciful" or "An ethnostate Africa will never happen" but just because you've accepted being cooked in a melting pot, doesn't mean that it's good for you or benefits you in the long run.

Former president of Tanzania, Julius Nyerere on the borders Africa was left with after the 1964 Cairo Declaration. 

President Paul Kagame on the borders that made Belgian Congo. 

I've gone through a whole lot of benefits of the ethnostate for years. It is common logic that an ethnostate works but would take some shifting of the "struggle mentality" of Africans to a progress & solutions mindset. When you see other ethnicities having proper schools, I doubt you'd let your own ethnic group go to school in roofless mud schools. This is one of the main benefits of an ethnostate, it allows you to work towards your people's cause instead of getting a Ferrari for your youngest son while the people you govern are starving. 

I don't care what political system the new ethnostates in Africa use after we finish our reverse Berlin Conference in Accra or Addis Ababa. The nations will choose what works best for their people & ethnicity whether it's a president, monarch or collective group of chiefs or elected leaders... It makes sense to have an ethnicity govern itself than be ruled by someone of another ethnicity who would ultimately develop tribalist sentiments in time & stifle the progress of certain ethnicities/nations just out of spite that his own ethnicity isn't as developed as others. Because of Berlin Conference borders, you become stuck with a president who hates your ethnicity/nation for developing while their own are incapable of doing so for one or another reason. Just unprovoked hatred because of being born your ethnicity. It would be better if this man were just in charge of their own people & left your people alone, separate the country if need be. Silent, secret, tribal hatred festering unnoticed is worse than open campaigning for self-determination of ethnicities & nations. 

This is what we notice when we campaign for an ethnostate Africa, it's not because we're being rebellious or vain - it's because ethnicities governing themselves was the norm in Africa. Even in greater empires, the individual tribes within that empire were given a decent amount of freedom to govern themselves so they do not starve or become dependent on an unsustainable, centralised state where there was no motorised transport, information relay & telecommunications networks to make governing the land easier. Each tribe in a greater tribal confederation would have it's own set of warriors which could be of use to the tribe or the greater nation, a decentralised national unity. We discard ancient African governance systems as outdated but they made a lot of sense when you look at them in the context of what individuals played in the community of certain nations. 

Multicultural/multiethnic rule is discredited when you rule in a way that diminishes a people's freedom, you risk being seen as a foreign entity & not beneficial towards the people you rule. We need to understand that tribalism is not always just open disdain of other ethnicities but also ruling a certain people in a way that they live in squalor under your rule. 

We need to take a look at the idea of reversing the Berlin Conference borders & even if we do not make a Pan-African Conference to Repartition Africa, we have an idea of what Africa would look like with country borders defined by original ethnic rule. 

Repartition Africa 

AN IDEAL AFRICA

"The shortest line between two points is a straight line."

"The shortest distance between two points is a straight line." is a quote by Ancient Greek mathematician Archimedes of Syracuse. 

This is not so much a mathematical concept as it is simple commonsense. Ignoring potential obstacles, the shortest path between two points is a path directly towards the other point. 

Artists impression of a futuristic passenger drone. 

Flying cars already exist but their implementation is tricky because of the perceived dangers of them malfunctioning, falling out of the sky & damaging infrastructure. Whereas if a vehicle on the ground malfunctions, it can be stopped on the side of the road or crashed into an arrestor bed. 

SHORT-RANGE AIR TRAVEL

I've been searching some information on heavy-duty vertical take-off aircraft (helicopters) & found aircraft such as the Mil Mi-26 of the Soviet Union/Russia & the Boeing CH-47 Chinook. Both these aircraft have a cruise speed of over 250 km/h, both can lift over ten tons (i. e. over 70 people & their luggage) & both can travel over 400 km without refueling. They cost ten times less than the Boeing 737 most commonly used in South African flights & about the approximate price of eight buses. What I am thinking is custom made Mil Mi-26 & Boeing CH-47 Chinook aircraft with passenger seats, passenger windows, some lighter carbon fibre fittings. This could be done to make an air service that works like a bus service, using shorter range stops to pick up people at select launching pads as opposed to airports with extended runways. Just several small patches of landing pads with a separate parking lot to make an airbus stop/micro airport setup. This could be as an (air)bus service for people who need to travel 100 km to 300 km. The advantages could be; 

1) no traffic, 

2) shorter travel time & 

3) no road/rail infrastructure (& it's associated infrastructure problems) needed. 

Taking into account that these aircraft - the Mi Mi-26 & Chinook cost about US$ 3,5 million a year to maintain including fuel (that's US$ 9600 a day), a ticket for a trip could be US$ 48 per passenger for the air service to cover costs. Provided that the aircraft are carrying a full load of passengers each trip. 

If my concept of vertical-axis wind-turbine powered electric vehicles comes to reality & translated into aircraft, we could have aircraft that need less external power whether it be kerosene or electric to make a full trip. 

Black stereotypes & their origins.

• Black people are ignorant / uneducated: 

Black people & education has always been a thorny issue because the very Western education we're given almost always clashes with our lived realities. So most black people often dismiss education as unnecessary because they are being given knowledge they will likely not use in the real world of taxes, fluctuating markets, government documents & affidavits. A black African needs to know just six things things; national law, the national language, how to read, how to write, how to count & basic geography of his/her country. The twelve grades Frankish Charlemagne education system the world has adopted is not always ideal for African societies so we may need our own education curriculum to be taught to all African scholars. Education & knowledge systems need to be Africanised so they don't seem so foreign & frightening to educators & students, respectively. This will eliminate the "ignorant", "uneducated" tag from our societies. 

Ignorance is also a matter of perspective, you can't expect a carpenter to know climatology concepts. Likewise, Africans can't be expected to be familiar with Western concepts so the ignorant tag will always apply to someone from a different culture. 

• Black people are loud: 

I think being loud among black people comes from the sense that our existence (since colonisation) has made us lack peace. The most uncolonized places are inherently the places where you find the most peaceful/quieter black people. 

• Black people don't know how to be civil / criminal behaviour: 

This also comes from the fact that our recent existence has been filled with turmoil, so we respect authority less & tend to get in trouble with Western legal systems because of our disdain for the lands we live in. 

• Black people are lazy: 

I think this stereotype depends on what cultures consider lazy. For example, a lot of black people in rural South Africa consider office work "lazy". Whereas in Western society, productivity or laziness depends on the outcome, infrastructure & visible results of your culture & society. So what is lazy is largely cultural. Unemployment in black societies where black youths are found loitering around on the streets may be seen as "lazy" by Westerners who do not consider a failure of governance in black lands a factor as to why youths are unemployed or unwilling to work. You usually get motivated to work for something that works for you in return, when the system you are meant to work for is against you - it feels futile to work for anything in that system/culture. 

• Dark skin & kinky hair: 

Dark skin & kinky hair has nothing to do with any biblical curses or references to hell. The "Curse of Ham" in the bible refers to Hamitic people (ancient Egyptians) & not black people. On the equator where the first homo sapiens lived by, it gets very hot & naturally our bodies adapted to that. Likewise, Nordic people adapted to life with less sun & more cold. The whole of Africa is mostly sunny & hot except mountainous regions, so Africans naturally adapted melanated skin & kinky hair. 

• Stealing Eurasian culture: 

We can't really steal something we are constantly encouraged & forced to adopt. When you're indoctrinated in Western systems, you subconsciously look to Europe as a compass in your life. African spirituality, knowledge systems, sociocultural traits & scripts are undocumented & not understood in detail by the world so are seen as unserious, obscure & unsupported by any serious institution. For example; there is no digitised African version of Wikipedia with the knowledge from the Timbuktu library or even a reputable organisation for any African faith/spiritual belief. 

• Can't govern themselves / Africa poor: 

Whenever Africans govern themselves well, it seems like some foreign power always wants to come in & claim some of that success or disrupt the progress Africans made. It happens so frequently that you almost expect good African governance to constantly be fending off attacks from foreign powers. This is why Africa is seen as poor; wars & destabilising objectives are constantly being funded by outsiders, leaving us almost always on a constant economic & development backfoot. The last few people to promote African sovereignty in economy & agriculture were ripped to shreds (reputational, health & financial ruin), if not killed by foreign powers. We're going to have to defend ourselves against sabotage if we truly want to develop. 

• Living in huts / dirty / smelly: 

I'll be honest; in the heat, it's harder to stay clean. Things rot faster in the heat also. Huts are still basic shelter & provide protection from the elements so are not nothing. Most of Africa has modernized though & adopted modern construction techniques. Most Africans no longer live in huts & deodorant has been introduced to Africa as well since it's invention in 1888. We have adopted modern hygiene methods also. 

• Punctuality: 

I honestly don't know why black people are said to be "never on time" but I guess it depends on the importance of the occasion because I know of black people who are very punctual for things that matter like work & job interviews etc. but come thirty or forty minutes late for events & get-togethers with their friends. I guess it has to do with consequences, if there are no consequences for arriving late - many black people will take their time.

Conclusion: 

We simply need to look at ourselves & compare ourselves to developed lands & ask ourselves what it will take achieve a certain level of development. I feel that if we can feed ourselves, house ourselves & our people as well as express ourselves in our lands fully in our own languages - it would be the best outcome of any situation Africans are in. It would create a generation which has faith in it's land & more eager to comply with national law & national institutions. If we can re-Africanise / decolonise our lands while being fully capable of feeding ourselves & sheltering ourselves, it would be the greatest triumph any African generation before us — since colonisation — has ever achieved. I imagine that these above-mentioned stereotypes can often sound so damning as a young, black individual. Being made to feel responsible for the behaviour of an entire race when it's not the responsibility of any one person but rather the collective responsibility of every member of that race to do an introspection as to whether or not they are contributing towards the hatred other races have towards us. 

What I don't really understand about modern automotive manufacturing...

Growing up without much, I learnt to do without items of opulence. Today, I still appreciate minimalism & things that focus on absolute necessity rather than luxury. This taste transcends into my taste in cars. I've never really understood the concept of giant cars with massaging seats & "ambient lighting" - I understand that it must be nice but what is the core purpose of a vehicle? To get an individual from point A to point B under a certain speed limit. And as much as we appreciate supercars, they would have to travel under a national speed limit to really make sense. If your national speed limit is 120 km/h (75 mph), what use is a vehicle that goes faster than that? 

I'd like a commuter car to be three-wheeled (two front wheels & one back wheel), an electric vehicle with a speed limit of no more than 125 km/h (78 mph) & a 100 to 150 km (62 to 93 mile) 

range make sense to me. And, of course, it needs to have the capacity to carry at least 500 kg (1102 lb) for the groceries, giving friends/family a lift & moving items around with a two front seats & single back seat arrangement. Vibrating seats & touch screens can wait, this is the blueprint of my vehicles should I start a vehicle making factory. 

I wrote this blog after seeing this vehicle called the Masserschmidt Kabinen Roller & wondered why aren't there more three-wheeled, compact vehicles like the Microlino & Masserschmidt Kabinen Roller... The safety & enclosure of a motorcar with the simplicity of a motorcycle. 

Today, we have people in giant diesel vans (i. e. pick-up trucks in America) travelling alone to simply buy groceries & that's not what diesel vans were meant for. Diesel vans for me - were meant for carrying big work tools, a small workforce, construction equipment & perhaps farm animals. If your trade is not technical, manual work — my above-described vehicle (second paragraph) should suffice for a daily commuter. 

Electric vehicles for Africa

Optimal Energy Joule

What do anti-decolonization forces really want?

The question we forgot to ask is "WHAT DO ANTI-DECOLONIZATION FORCES REALLY WANT?" So, the Pedi get a federal province with their own bank, police, education curriculum & currency. What's the problem? Who is it harming? As someone in Gauteng, KZN or Eastern Cape, I would not give a damn. 

Then they say, "It threatens South African unity". These are black people saying this, not some Apartheid beneficiaries. South Africa is an Anglo-Dutch creation. Unless you are Anglo-Dutch, what exactly is the source of your patriotism? There is apocalyptic racism & tribalism going on in South Africa daily... what unity are they talking about? 

Mind you, decolonisation simply means cultural dignity for indigenous people. No one of any race ever died from language change & a minor upgrade of national institutions. Federal provinces with their own institutions would work. South Africa's provinces are already loosely divided by ethnicity, people. The Referendum Party & Cape Independence want to separate from South Africa. Why don't we let them go?! It makes South Africa look clingy & needy. If someone tells me they want to leave me, I just let them go. I don't ignore them & force them to stay. Give Orania, the Sotho part of the Free State province & Western Cape independence from South Africa. The Constitution of South Africa, African Union & United Nations legislature promotes self-determination. 

And sure, some people might be afraid that their financial possessions would become void in a new political system & measures can simply be taken to avoid this between financial institutions, places of employment, insurance companies & institutions in charge of national services which require monthly payments. With a detailed, clear plan it is not as difficult as it is made to seem. 

Zulu media on the internet.

Sometimes the best way to learn a language really is to immerse yourself in it. Here is some Zulu media on the internet for all who are learning the language.

YouTube: 

KZN TV news 

SABC Izindaba 

Newspapers: 

Ilanga 

Isolezwe 

Bayede 

Knowledge Hubs: 

Ulwazi  

Zulu Wikipedia

Zulu systems on Facebook

Bowuwazi 

Music: 

Maskandi on Spotify 

Amahubo akwaZulu

Zulu Pop 

Zulu rap

Song of the Year 

Zulu patriotic & marching songs 

Radio: 

Ukhozi FM livestream 

Ukhozi FM current affairs podcasts

Gagasi FM livestream 

Film: 

Zulu independent shortfilms on YouTube 

Zulu novels: 

Itshwele Lempangele & Amathonsi obuMbongi

Where the Zulu language is spoken in South Africa.

Masakhane Zulu 

History of the Zulu language

Types of African cheese.

Ivory Coast – Wagashi 

Cameroon – Peuhl Cheese 

Ghana – Wagashi 

Senegal – Lben Cheese 

Rwanda – Ikivuguto Cheese 

Xenophobia & the King's Speech.

I'm very much a Pan-Africanist, I believe in Africa making strategic alliances to increase economy, infrastructure & security. But I also do not believe in unity for the sake of unity because that just causes contempt. 

Now, South Africa is known to be xenophobic. This is because some people are defensive of the economy. The old "foreigners occupying space meant for locals" story. Which is mostly true in South Africa, easier jobs are easier to obtain for foreigners & foreigners cost less & are less likely to complain or be part of a worker's union so they cost employers less. But as much as foreign labour is good for employers, they're not always good for locals. Recently, there were news that foreigners are selling expired & toxic goods at their spaza (tuck) shops. I've lived in townships & have seen the local spaza shop economy replaced by foreigners & this is because our people were simply not competitive enough at times. Somalian foreigners obtain bulk savings by bringing their money together to get discounts & deals direct from producers of products. Foreigners even manufacture some of their own products to sell at their shops. And, sadly, we've even heard of cases of foreigners bullying local shop owners out of business. Some foreigners in South Africa are, genuinely, breaking the law with their businesses but it's laws that are not reported by South Africans themselves because many South Africans dislike authority. So both South Africans & foreigners end up being quietly lawbreakers because nobody wants to report illegal activity. 

Now, I've already blogged about the unchecked migration of people into South Africa. But who is in charge of this? Who is in charge of Home Affairs, migration & border security? Why is everyone but the people responsible talking? And the people talking are not reporting to authorities or to the people responsible for the mass illegal immigration & human trafficking in South Africa. You'd think the people in charge of Home Affairs, migration & border security don't care or want illegal immigrants in South Africa. 

The King's Speech: 

I watched a film called The King's Speech once, starring Colin Firth & he played King George IV of England. A king who had a problem of stuttering & through going to a speech therapist, this King of England eventually learnt how to speak without stuttering. We do not have such a problem in South Africa but we do have a Zulu king who speaks "off-the-cuff" & is taken too literally at times by South African media. 

South African media needs you to be very specific on what you mean while being politically correct & that is a very difficult thing to do on-the-spot. As a public figure or traditional leader, you simply need a speech written for public events because some paid journalists & people with agendas will turn light words into a serious matter. 

I'm not really that xenophobic but do believe immigrants should enter a country legally & contribute positively to the land they're allowed into. Hopefully, the people in charge of the systems controlling immigration into South Africa explain what's happening or people in South Africa may get rowdy (as they're known to do) & attack foreigners indiscriminate of whether they are legal or illegal. 

A few political quotes...

"Sovereignty is the absolute & perpetual power of a commonwealth, which the Latins call 'Maiestas'; the Greeks 'Akra Exouisia', 'Kurion Arche' & 'Kurion Politeuma; & the Italians 'Segnioria'... while the Hebrews call it 'Tomech Hévet' - that is the highest power of command..." 

Jean Bodin (1576) 

"Our people are like children, who would never of their own accord decide to learn, who would never take up the alphabet without being compelled to do so by their teacher, who would at first feel despondent. But later, when they have finished their studies, they are grateful for having been made to go through them. This is evident today: has not everything been achieved under constraint? Yet now one hears gratitude for much that has already borne fruit." 

Peter the Great (1723) 

"A survey of all states in the world will show that those states which undertook reforms became strong while those states which clung to the past perished. The consequences of clinging to the past & the effects of opening up new ways are thus obvious. If Your Majesty, with your discerning brilliance, observes the trends in other countries, you will see that we can change, we can preserve ourselves, but if we cannot change, we shall perish." 

K'ang Yu-wei, Confucian reformer 

(Memorial to the imperial throne, submitted 29 January 1898) 

"No people ever die, nor stop short upon their path, before they have achieved the ultimate aim of their existence." 

Unknown 

"We estimate that if the seven billion people of the year 2000 have a GNP per capita as high as that of present-day Americans, the total pollution load on the environment would be at least ten times its present value. Can the Earth's natural systems support an intrusion of that magnitude? We have no idea." 

Club of Rome (The Limits to Growth 1972) 

Revolutionary Quotes

Quotes (IsiZulu)